连栋温室大棚是温室的一种升级存在,其实就是一种超级大温室,把原有的独立单间温室,用科学的手段、合理的设计、优秀的材料将原有的独立单间模式温室连起来或理解为一种扩建。
下面新富源小编分享一下连栋温室的作用。
连栋温室大棚是一种经济型温室,它以优美的弧线形和造价低倍受用户欢迎。弧形室顶美观大方,视线流畅。结构用钢量小,保温性能好。制造成本相对较低,属经济型温室,适用于我国大部分地区。北方地区多采用双层膜温室,南方地区多选用单膜温室。能在可见光0.4-0.7微米范围内得到最大光照,层膜充气后,可以形成厚厚的气囊,能有效地防止热量流失和阻止冷空气的侵入,采用双层充气膜后可大大提高温室保温性能,节省运行成本。覆盖材料顶部为聚乙烯无滴长寿膜覆盖,外层防紫外线,内层防集露;四周可以根据用户需要采用聚乙烯无滴长寿膜或聚碳酸酯中空板覆盖.
温室大棚对于大棚内的温度和湿度有严格的要求,因此,必须根据作物生长发育对环境的要求,进行合理、灵活的调节和控制,即满足作物生长发育的需要,又要避免病害的发生。作为多年从事温室大棚设计安装的厂家,我们对此有五点建议:
一、温室大棚厂内温度的管理
棚内气温随外界气温变化而变化,一般的规律为棚外气温愈高,棚内增温值愈大;棚外气温低,棚内增值小;棚内最高气温和最低气温出现的时间比露地晚2小时左右。晴天日温差较大,阴雨天日温差小;气温愈高,日温差愈大;气温愈低,日温差愈小。根据大棚温度变化规律和早熟栽培蔬菜品种适宜生长温度要求,加强棚内温度调节管理工作。秧苗定植后缓苗之前一般不通风,以提高棚内地温和气温。早春因光照弱,棚内增温效果较差,可采用大棚内再覆盖地膜加小拱棚措施,来提高增温保温效果,促进秧苗迅速返青成活和生长。
二、温室大棚厂内湿度的管理
塑料薄膜不透气,棚内栽培由于土壤水分的蒸发和作物的蒸腾作用,使棚内空气湿度增长,若不通风,棚内空气相对湿度可达90%以上,甚至达100%。其变化规律是棚温升高,相对湿度降低;棚温降低,相对湿度升高;晴天、有风天相对湿度低,阴天、雨天相对湿度增高。棚内的绝对湿度随棚温升高而迅速上升,甚至成倍增加。如果棚内相对湿度过高,植株叶片的蒸腾作用就会受到抑制,土壤湿度和棚内的空气湿度增高,棚膜上凝结大量水珠,既影响作物的光合作用,不利于植株的生长发育,又使病菌繁殖,病害流行,危害严重。因此,调节棚内温、湿度,特别是夜间温、湿度,是防治病害、促进作物生长发育的重要措施,应给予重视和加强。
2. Humidity Management in Greenhouse Plant
Plastic film is impermeable. Because of evaporation of soil moisture and transpiration of crops, the relative humidity of air in greenhouse increases. Without ventilation, the relative humidity of air in greenhouse can reach 90% or even 100%. The change rule is that the shed temperature rises and the relative humidity decreases; the shed temperature decreases and the relative humidity increases; the relative humidity in sunny and windy days is low, and the relative humidity in cloudy and rainy days is increased. The absolute humidity in greenhouse increases rapidly with the increase of greenhouse temperature, even doubles. If the relative humidity in the greenhouse is too high, the transpiration of plant leaves will be inhibited, soil humidity and air humidity in the greenhouse will increase, and a large number of water droplets will condense on the greenhouse film, which not only affects the photosynthesis of crops, is not conducive to the growth and development of plants, but also makes the reproduction of pathogens, disease epidemic and serious harm. Therefore, regulating temperature and humidity in greenhouse, especially at night, is an important measure to control diseases and promote crop growth and development, and should be paid attention to and strengthened.